Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences
Volume 24, No. 1, 2026
DOI: 10.36108/ijss/6202.42.0110
Securitization Theory Revisited
Ember Yange
Department of Political Science and International Relations, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract
The paper explored securitization theory by reviewing the perspectives of various scholars and proponents, drawing insights from secondary sources. The paper revealed that major weakness of securitization theory is its focus on dominant voices, neglecting marginalized or silenced groups. The paper concluded that, the Copenhagen School spearheaded by Wæver, Buzan, and de Wilde redefined security studies by introducing securitization theory, which highlights the socially constructed nature of threats. Scholars of the second generation, such as Balzacq and Lene Hansen, broadened the theory’s empirical and practical dimensions. The paper recommends that, to stay relevant in the 21st century, the theory must confront its Eurocentric foundations, incorporate non-discursive elements, and advance strategies for desecuritization. The paper also recommends that, by integrating hybrid threats and elevating non-state actors and perspectives from the Global South, securitization theory can more effectively address modern security challenges like climate change and cyber threats, fostering more inclusive and equitable security policies.
Keywords: Securitization theory, desecuritization, Speech Act Theory, Copenhagen School, security studies